Gradualism Emerges as Key Strategy for Gaza Peace Amidst Recent Breakthroughs

As the Middle East grapples with persistent conflict, a new perspective advocating for gradual, phased peace agreements is gaining traction, particularly concerning the volatile situation in Gaza. A Foreign Affairs article published today, October 13, 2025, titled "Why Gradualism Can Help in Gaza," highlights the historical efficacy of such approaches in the region. This comes at a pivotal moment, following a significant "first phase" ceasefire agreement between Israel and Hamas, brokered by former U.S. President Donald Trump, which has just begun to unfold in the Gaza Strip.

knkx.org reported, The Foreign Affairs piece posits that incremental steps, rather than ambitious "grand bargains," offer a more realistic and sustainable path toward de-escalation and eventual stability. This strategy is rooted in the understanding that complex, deeply entrenched conflicts often benefit from confidence-building measures and verifiable, smaller-scale agreements that can pave the way for broader resolutions. The recent agreement, which includes provisions for hostage releases, prisoner exchanges, and increased humanitarian aid, exemplifies this phased approach.

The current developments in Gaza, culminating in the initial phase of a peace plan, underscore the arguments for gradualism. Reports indicate that aid trucks have begun entering Gaza, and the release of hostages by Hamas is anticipated, alongside the release of Palestinian prisoners by Israel. This initial breakthrough, while fragile, demonstrates how carefully negotiated, sequential steps can address immediate humanitarian concerns and build a modicum of trust between warring parties, setting a precedent for future stages of peace.

youtube.com noted, This strategic shift towards gradualism acknowledges the profound challenges that have historically derailed comprehensive peace efforts in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. By focusing on achievable, limited objectives, proponents believe that the process can mitigate risks, manage expectations, and create momentum for further dialogue. The Foreign Affairs article suggests that learning from past successes and failures of phased agreements across the Middle East is crucial for navigating the path forward in Gaza.

• Historical Context of Phased Agreements: The concept of gradualism is not new to Middle East diplomacy. Historically, significant breakthroughs, such as the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel in 1978, included phased elements, even if the Palestinian autonomy plans were not fully realized. The Oslo Accords of the 1990s also adopted a phased approach, establishing interim self-governing arrangements for Palestinians and setting a framework for future negotiations, though they ultimately faced significant challenges. These precedents highlight both the potential and the pitfalls of incremental peace-building.

• mk.co.kr reported, Recent Gaza Ceasefire and Peace Initiative: The current "first phase" agreement in Gaza, mediated by former U.S. President Donald Trump and announced around October 9, 2025, marks a critical application of gradualism. This initial step involves the exchange of Israeli hostages for Palestinian prisoners, the entry of hundreds of aid trucks into Gaza, and a partial withdrawal of Israeli troops. This phased implementation aims to address immediate humanitarian crises and build initial confidence, with further stages envisioned for a more permanent resolution.

• Key Stakeholders and Their Roles: The recent agreement involves Israel and Hamas as primary parties, with the United States, with former President Trump, playing a central mediating role. Regional actors like Egypt, Qatar, and Türkiye have also been instrumental in influencing Hamas's stance and facilitating negotiations. The international community broadly supports efforts to de-escalate the conflict and provide humanitarian relief, recognizing the complex web of interests and influences that shape the peace process.

• knkx.org noted, Challenges and Risks of Gradualism: Despite its potential, gradualism faces inherent risks. Past peace processes, including Oslo, were hampered by fundamental disagreements over core issues such as borders, settlements, Jerusalem's status, and refugee rights. Internal divisions among Palestinian factions, particularly between Fatah and Hamas, also pose significant obstacles. The current plan, for instance, faces uncertainties regarding Hamas's disarmament and long-term governance in Gaza, which could undermine future phases.

• Potential Future Developments: The success of the initial phase is crucial for determining the viability of subsequent steps. Future phases could involve more extensive Israeli troop withdrawals, further prisoner exchanges, discussions on reconstruction, and potentially a more permanent political arrangement for Gaza. The Foreign Affairs article implies that sustained international engagement and robust verification mechanisms will be essential to maintain momentum and prevent backsliding in this delicate process.

• youtube.com reported, Impact on Local Populations: For the residents of Gaza, the immediate impact of the phased agreement is the promise of increased humanitarian aid and a reduction in hostilities. The release of hostages and prisoners also brings relief to affected families. However, the long-term impact hinges on whether these initial steps can lead to sustained peace, improved living conditions, and a clear political horizon, addressing the profound losses and displacement experienced over recent years.