Scientists Detail Genetic Keys to a 117-Year-Old Woman's Healthy Longevity

Researchers in Spain have detailed the biological factors behind the long and healthy life of Maria Branyas Morera, who was the world's oldest person before she died at 117, The Guardian reported on September 24, 2025. A study published in Cell Reports Medicine analyzed blood, saliva, and other samples to understand why Branyas Morera, who survived both World Wars and a COVID-19 infection at 113, remained free of cancer, dementia, and cardiovascular disease. Dr. Manel Esteller of the Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute said the findings allowed them to "separate being old from being sick" for the first time. The research showed her biological age was estimated to be 10 to 23 years younger than her chronological age.

The study identified several key biological traits that contributed to her longevity.

• She possessed rare genetic variants that protected her heart and brain from disease.
• Despite having extremely short telomeres—a typical sign of cellular aging—this may have protected her from cancer by limiting cell division.
• Her body maintained low levels of inflammation and efficient cholesterol metabolism, reducing her risk of common age-related diseases.
• Her gut microbiome was rich in beneficial bacteria, like Bifidobacterium, which is more typical of a younger person and may have been supported by her diet.

The researchers noted that while genetics played a major role, lifestyle factors like a Mediterranean diet, not smoking, and strong social ties were also contributors. These findings could inform the development of new treatments to promote healthy aging.